along with the habitual patterns of thought and behavior by which they express ignorance of and insubordination to God. Having examined the various aspects of the New Testament’s teaching about the identity and character of the world, we are now in a position to construct a more detailed and precise definition. The world is a spiritual kingdom ruled by Satan, in unremitting conflict with the kingdom of God, consisting visibly of the mass of living people who do not know God, and who, in response